Automated Gravimetric Screening Platform System and Method

ABSTRACT

A pot for use with system for controlling soil moisture in a plurality of potted plants to perform water deficit experiments includes a body portion having an open top end and a bottom end, and a flange coupled to the body portion adjacent the top end. The flange is configured to engage a platform to hold the body portion within an opening of the platform. The pot also includes a fluid reservoir having a bottom portion located adjacent the bottom end of the body portion, a plurality of vertically extending fluid channels extending upwardly toward the top end of the body portion, a fill opening located at the bottom end of the body portion in communication with the bottom portion of the fluid reservoir, and a check valve coupled to the fill opening to permit fluid to be supplied to the fluid reservoir from the bottom end of the body portion through fill opening and the check valve.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.13/444,095, filed on Apr. 11, 2012, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/476,055, filed on Apr. 15,2011, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated by referenceherein.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates to a system and method for providingcontrolled soil moisture conditions within potted plants in alarge-scale, automated gravimetric screening system, typically locatedin a greenhouse.

The gravimetric method is a known technique of imposing a precisiondrought stress regime on plants growing in containers or pots bymeasuring changes in the mass of the pot. Measuring the pot massprovides an accurate calculation of changes in soil moisture, andrewater values are determined by calculating the difference between theactual water content and the desired water content based on apredetermined water deficit program. With appropriate control ofevaporative water loss from the soil, the gravimetric method allows fordetermination of plant transpiration and total plant water use throughthe duration of an experiment.

Typically, gravimetric screening is a highly labor intensive processthat limits throughput and capacity in screening specific programs.Conventional screening systems move individual pots to a weighing andre-watering station. In some cases, entire blocks of plants are moved asa unit to another location for weight measurements and re-watering. Thismovement introduces additional confounding effects to testing proceduressuch as vibrations during movement and low density growth conditions,for example, which are not typical in field environments. These knowngravimetric screening systems do not make the most efficient use ofgreenhouse space.

The automated gravimetric screening system and method of the presentdisclosure provides a high throughput greenhouse screening system usinga support platform and pot design that maintains the plants in a staticlocation during the testing. The system includes a lower gantry locatedbelow the support platform which has a plurality of independent loadcell modules and plumbing to weigh and supply water to each row of pots.In an illustrated embodiment, each row of pots is lifted simultaneouslyby the load cell modules to acquire weights, calculate how much watershould be added to bring the pot to a desired mass, and then supplywater to the pot based on the calculation. The lower gantry is alignedwith each row of pots as it moves along the length of the supportplatform. An entire row of pots is illustratively weighed and re-wateredsimultaneously within a matter of minutes without moving the pots to aseparate weighing station. By weighing and re-watering the pots frombeneath the platform, the present system and method permits a high-speedautomated upper gantry to capture high resolution images, temperaturedata, or other sensor data to quantify the plant stress level or plantcanopy characteristics during the experiment.

The present system and method provides reduced noise and a more uniformand precisely controlled water stress environment for both well-wateredand drought treatment groups. Improved control enables the comparison ofmeasured physiological parameters with greater confidence as waterstress is equal and uniform across the experiment.

The platform and gantry system illustratively uses a customized potdesigned to work with the lower gantry positioned under the supportplatform for weighing and re-watering the pots. The illustrated potsenable re-watering from below the soil surface. Each pot illustrativelyincludes a reservoir system configured to hold water therein. Thereservoir system surrounds the soil column defined by the pot from alocation just below a top surface of the soil to the bottom of the pot.An illustrated embodiment provides fluid communication from thereservoir system to soil is provided via a plurality of vertical fluidchannels that extend along an internal circumference of the pot. In anillustrated embodiment, a synthetic fabric mesh covers the channels toprevent root and dirt debris accumulation in the channels of thereservoir. Water and/or nutrients are illustratively delivered into thereservoir through a load cell module and through a check valve locatedat the bottom of the pot. Upon contact with a support surface of a loadcell module, an o-ring on the pot forms a seal around the check valve toreduce water loss. The pots deliver precise amounts of water to the soilcolumn and result in healthy plant material with acceptable growth anddevelopment.

In one illustrated embodiment of the present disclosure, a system isprovided for controlling soil moisture in a plurality of potted plantsto perform water deficit experiments. The system includes a stationaryplatform having a plurality of openings formed therein. The openings arelocated in a plurality of rows on the platform. The system also includesa plurality of pots located in the plurality of openings in theplatform. The pots are supported by the platform. A movable lower gantryis located below the platform. The movable lower gantry supports aplurality of load cell modules aligned with the plurality of potslocated in a row of openings. Each load cell module includes a load cellhaving a support movable from a retracted position spaced apart from abottom surface of a pot to an extended position in which the support ofthe load cell lifts the pot upwardly to support the weight of the potthereon so that the load cell weighs the lifted pot. The system furtherincludes a controller coupled to the load cell. The controller isprogrammed to determine whether the pots need watering based on theweights of the pots and the water deficit experiment. The system stillfurther includes a water supply coupled to the load cell module. Thewater supply includes at least one flow control valve controlled by thecontroller to selectively supply water through the load cell module tothe pot.

In an illustrated embodiment, the system further includes an uppergantry movable above the platform. The upper gantry including at leastone sensor located thereon to acquire data related to the plants in theplurality of pots. Illustratively, the sensor is a camera to take imagesof the plants in the plurality of pots, a temperature sensor, or othersensor.

In a other illustrated embodiment of the present disclosure, a method isprovided for controlling soil moisture in a plurality of potted plantsto perform water deficit experiments. The method includes providing astationary platform having a plurality of openings therein, and locatinga plurality of pots in the openings of the platform. The pots aresupported by the platform. The method also includes lifting the potswith the plurality of load cell modules, weighing each of the pluralityof pots with the load cell modules, determining whether the pots need tobe watered based on the weight of the pots and the water deficitexperiment, watering the pots through the load cell modules, ifnecessary, based on the determining step, and lowering the plurality ofload cell modules so that the plurality of pots are supported by theplatform.

In an illustrated embodiment, the openings in the platform are locatedin a plurality of rows. The step of moving a plurality of load cellmodules under the platform aligns the load cell modules with a row ofpots, and the step of lifting the pots lifts an entire row of pots withthe plurality of load cell modules simultaneously. The method alsoincludes moving the load cell modules to a next row of pots andperforming the lifting, weighing, determining, watering, and loweringsteps for the next row of pots.

In yet another illustrated embodiment of the present disclosure, a potis provided for use with system for controlling soil moisture in aplurality of potted plants to perform water deficit experiments. Thesystem includes a stationary platform having a plurality of openingsformed therein. The pot includes a body portion having an open top endand a bottom end, and a flange coupled to the body portion adjacent thetop end. The flange is configured to engage the platform to hold thebody portion within an opening of the platform. The pot also includes afluid reservoir haying a bottom portion located adjacent the bottom endof the body portion, a plurality of vertically extending fluid channelsextending upwardly toward the top end of the body portion, and a fillopening located at the bottom end of the body portion in communicationwith the bottom portion of the fluid reservoir. The pot further includesa check valve coupled to the fill opening to permit fluid to be suppliedto the fluid reservoir from the bottom end of the body portion throughfill opening and the check valve.

In an illustrated embodiment, the pot includes a mesh forming an innerportion of the vertically extending fluid channels. The mesh permitsfluid to flow through the mesh to soil within the body portion, butpreventing soil debris and plant roots from accumulating in thevertically extending fluid channels of the reservoir.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing aspects and many additional features of the present systemand method will become more readily appreciated and become betterunderstood by reference to the following detailed description when takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an automated gravimetric screeningplatform system in accordance with an illustrated embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view, with portions broken away, of thegravimetric screening platform system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view, with portions broken away, of the gravimetricscreening platform system of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a lower gantry including aplurality of load cell modules and a water delivery system for weighingand watering a plurality of pots of the gravimetric screening platformsystem;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view, with portions broken away, ofthe lower gantry of FIG. 4;

FIGS. 6 and 7 are perspective views of one of the load cell modules onthe lower gantry;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken through the load cell module of FIGS. 6and 7 illustrating a pot support surface of the load cell in a retractedposition spaced apart from a bottom surface of one of the pots of thegravimetric screening platform system;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 8, in which the load cell potsupport surface is moved to an upwardly extended position to lift thepot for weighing and watering the pot with the load cell module;

FIGS. 10 and 11 are perspective views of one of the pots used with thegravimetric screening platform system;

FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view showing a bottom end cap of afluid reservoir including a check valve to permit water to be suppliedfrom the load cell module to the pot;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view, with portions broken away, of the pot ofFIGS. 10-12;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating additional components of oneembodiment of the gravimetric screening platform system; and

FIG. 15 is a flow chart illustrating steps performed during operation ofthe gravimetric screening platform system and method.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding partsthroughout the several views. Although the drawings representembodiments of various features and components according to the presentdisclosure, the drawings are not necessarily to scale and certainfeatures may be exaggerated in order to better illustrate and explainthe present disclosure. The exemplification set out herein illustratesembodiments of the invention, and such exemplifications are not to beconstrued as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of thepresent disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodimentsillustrated in the drawings, which are described below. The embodimentsdisclosed below are not intended to be exhaustive or limit the inventionto the precise form disclosed in the following detailed description.Rather, the embodiments are chosen and described so that others skilledin the art may utilize their teachings. It is understood that nolimitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Theinvention includes any alterations and further modifications in theillustrated devices and described methods and further applications ofthe principles of the invention which would normally occur to oneskilled in the art to which the invention relates.

Referring initially to FIGS. 1-3, an illustrated embodiment of agravimetric screening platform system 10 is disclosed. The system 10includes a stationary support platform 12 having a plurality of openings14 formed therein. The openings 14 are configured to receive a pluralityof specially configured containers or pots 16 therein for growing plantsin a controlled environment as discussed herein. The system 10 includesa pair of upper tracks 18 and a pair of lower tracks 20 located onopposite sides of the support platform 12 for supporting upper and lowermovable gantries 22 and 24. Upper gantry 22 is best shown in FIGS. 1-3,while lower gantry 24 is best shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The platform 12and tracks 18 and 20 are supported by a plurality of adjustable supportlegs 26 which are spaced apart around an outer periphery of the platform12.

In an illustrated embodiment, upper and lower drive mechanisms 28 and 30are configured to move the upper and lower gantries 22 and 24,respectively, back and forth on tracks 18 and 20 longitudinally relativeto the platform 12 as illustrated by double headed arrow 32. In anillustrated embodiment, a chain drive system is used to move the upperand lower gantries 22 and 24 on tracks 18 and 20, respectively. Drivesprockets of drive mechanisms 28 and 30 on opposite sides of theplatform 12 are connected by axles 34 and 36, respectively. Although achain drive mechanism is illustratively used to move the upper and lowergantries 22 and 24, it is understood that other types of drivemechanisms, such as cable drives or other mechanical drives may also beused in other embodiments.

In an illustrated embodiment, the openings 14 of platform 12 arearranged in a plurality of rows 38 across the platform 12. As best shownin FIG. 3, each row 38 of openings 14 extends in a direction transverseto a longitudinal axis 13 of platform 12. In an illustrated embodiment,the platform 12 includes 44 rows, with 20 openings 14 in each row.However, any desired number of rows and openings per row may be used inaccordance with the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 3, each of the openings 14 includes an alignment notch40 extending away from one side of the opening 14 to align the pot 16 ina proper orientation within the openings 14 for watering as discussedbelow. FIG. 3 illustrates certain rows 38 having pots 16 therein incertain rows 38 without pots located within the openings 14.

The upper gantry 22 illustratively includes spaced apart movablesupports or shuttle members 42 which ride on upper track members 18 asbest shown in FIG. 3. In an illustrated embodiment, the shuttle members42 slide back and forth along the tracks 18. The shuttle members 42 mayinclude rollers, if desired, to facilitate movement of the upper gantry22 back and forth in the direction of double headed arrow 32. Uppergantry 22 also includes spaced apart vertical supports 44 coupled toshuttle members 42 and a horizontal support 46 extending over theplatform 12 between the spaced apart vertical supports 44.

A universal mounting block 48 is coupled to a track 49 provided on thehorizontal support 46. As best shown in FIG. 3, a drive mechanism 50,such as a chain drive, is used to move the universal mounting block 48back and forth in the direction of double headed arrow 52 in a directiontransverse to the longitudinal axis 13 of support platform 12. Drivemechanism 50 therefore moves the universal mounting block 48 back andforth over the rows 38 of pots 16.

In an illustrated embodiment, a camera 54 and a temperature sensor 56,for example, are coupled to the universal mounting block 48 as shown inFIG. 14. Camera 54 provides still images or video images of the plantsgrowing in pots 16 during an experiment. In one embodiment, camera 54 isa web camera which provides images to a remote location over acommunication network. In an illustrated embodiment, the temperaturesensor 56 is an infrared camera to provide thermal imaging of the plantswithin the pots 16 during the experiment. In one illustrated embodiment,a model A320 infrared camera system available from FLIR Systems is usedas the temperature sensor 56. Other sensors may also be mounted touniversal mounting block 48 to quantify plant stress level and/or canopycharacteristics.

As discussed below, a system controller 100 is used to control themovement of upper gantry 22 and the universal monitoring block 48 duringan experiment. Drive mechanism 28 moves the upper gantry 22 back andforth in the direction of double headed arrow 32 to align the horizontalsupport 46 of the upper gantry 22 with a desired row 38 of pots 16.Drive mechanism 50 then moves the universal mounting block 48 back andforth in the direction of double headed arrow 52 in FIGS. 1 and 3 overthe particular row 38 to provide visual and thermal imaging, forexample, with camera 54 and temperature sensor 56, respectively.

Details of the lower gantry 24 are best shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Lowergantry 24 includes first and second moving supports or shuttle members60 slideably coupled to spaced apart lower tracks 20 as best shown inFIG. 4. In an illustrated embodiment, shuttle members 60 slide back andforth on the track 20. Shuttle members 60 may include rollers, ifdesired. Drive mechanism 30 moves the lower gantry 24 back and forth inthe direction of double headed arrow 32 along the longitudinal axis 13of platform 12. Lower gantry 24 includes a pair of vertical supportmembers 62 coupled to shuttle members 60 and a horizontal support 64extending between the vertical support members 62.

A row of load cell modules 66 is coupled to the horizontal support 64 oflower gantry 24. The number of load cell modules 66 is equal to thenumber of openings 14 within each row 38 of the support platform 12.Drive mechanism 30 moves the lower gantry 24 so that the row of loadcell modules 66 is aligned directly beneath a row 38 of pots 16 withinopenings 14 of platform 12. As discussed below, the load cell modules 66are initially spaced apart from bottom surfaces of the pots 16 duringmovement of lower gantry 24. Once the lower gantry 24 is positionedbeneath a particular row 38 of pots 16, pot support surfaces 86 of theload cell modules 66 are moved upwardly to engage bottom surfaces ofpots 16 and lift the pots 16. The load cell modules 66 lift the pots 16in order to weigh each pot 16 separately. As further discussed below,water can is then supplied, as needed, through the load cell modules 66and into bottom openings of the pots 16 to re-water to the pots 16during an experiment. Therefore, the gravimetric screening platformsystem 10 and method of the present disclosure maintains the pots 16 atstatic locations throughout an experiment without requiring the pots 16to be moved to a different location for weighing, testing andre-watering. While one row 38 of pots is lifted at a time in theillustrated embodiments, multiple rows 38 may be lifted simultaneouslyin other embodiments.

Details of the load cell modules 66 are illustrated in FIGS. 6-9. Alower cylinder 70 includes an internal chamber 72 as best shown in FIGS.8 and 9. A movable piston 74 includes a plate 76 located within chamber72. Fluid supply lines 78 and 80 are coupled to the chamber 70 toselectively supply fluid, such as compressed air or hydraulic fluid, tothe internal chamber 72 of cylinder 70. Cylinder 70 is coupled tohorizontal support 64 of lower gantry 24. FIG. 8 shows piston 74 in aretracted position in which a pot support 86 of module 66 is spacedapart from a bottom portion 82 of pot 16 as lower gantry 24 is moved toalign the load cell modules 66 with the row 38 of pots 16.

In FIG. 9, compressed air from an air compressor 214 and supply line ormanifold 215 is supplied through inlet 78 to move the piston 74 andplate 76 upwardly in the direction of arrow 84 to lift the load cellmodule 66 upwardly. One or more regulators are preferably coupled to themanifold 215. The pot support 86 therefore also moves upwardly in thedirection of arrow 84 into engagement with the bottom surface 82 of pot16 and lifts the pot 16 upwardly so that the pot 16 is supported by thesupport 86. Load cell modules 66 include a load cell 88 having a firstend coupled to a base 90 by fasteners 92. Pot support 86 is coupled toan opposite end of load cell 88 by connector 94 and fasteners 96 and 98.

Once the pot 16 is lifted and supported by support 86, the load cell 88weighs the pot 16. A controller 100 coupled to the load cell 88 byconnectors 89 compares the actual mass of the pot 16 with a desired massof the pot 16 for a particular experiment protocol. Controller 100calculates a difference between actual water content within each pot 16and the desired water content within the pot 16 based on thepredetermined water deficit program of the particular experiment.

If controller 100 determines that water needs to be added to the pot 16,water can be added directly through the load cell module 66 withoutmoving the pot 16 to another location. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, watersupply line 102 is connected to first and second flow control valves 120and 122 through conduits 124, 126 and 128. Conduit 130 is coupledbetween valve 120 and connector 104. Conduit 132 is coupled betweenvalve 122 and connector 104. Water supply line 102 is coupled to a watersupply 212. Connector 104 best shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is coupled to anopening 106 in support 86.

In an illustrated embodiment, flow control valve 120 provides “coarse”fluid flow, while flow control valve 122 provides “fine” fluid flow. Inone illustrated embodiment, fluid flow through course flow control valve120 is about ten times greater than the fluid flow through fine controlvalve 122, although any desired ratio may be used. In operation,controller 100 initially opens both coarse and fine flow control valves120 and 122 to begin filling or dosing the pots 16. As the weight of thepots approaches the desired weight for the particular experiment,controller 100 shuts off the coarse flow control valve 120 and finishesthe fill operation using the fine flow control a 122 to preciselycontrol the amount of water added to the pot 16.

In an illustrated embodiment, a top surface of support 86 is coveredwith a silicone pad 108 to improve sealing between the bottom surface 82of pot 16 and the pad 108 on top surface of support 86 so that water canbe supplied to the pot 16. In an illustrated embodiment, posts 112extend upwardly from the top surface of support 86 to hold the siliconepad 108 in place on the top surface of support 86. Pad 108 includes anaperture 114 aligned with aperture 106 of support 86 so that water canflow through the pad 108 and into the pot 16. Although silicone is usedfor pad 108 in one embodiment, other suitable materials can also beused. Support 86 of load cell module 66 also includes a groove ornotched portion 110 which is configured to collect water and drain ewater away from electrical components of the load cell module 66.

Details of an exemplary embodiment of a pot 16 are shown in FIGS. 10-13.The pot 16 include a body portion 140 which is generally cylindricallyshaped. The body portion 140 of the pot 16 is designed to fit within theopenings 14 of platform 12 with enough clearance so that when the loadcell module 66 lifts the pot 16, the pot 16 is entirely supported by thesupport 86 of load cell module 66 to permit accurate weighing of the pot16. A top end 142 of pot 16 includes an opening 144 to insert soil andseeds or plants into the pot 16 and permit the plant (not shown) to growoutwardly from the pot 16 in a conventional manner. Top end 142 includesan end cap 146 having an outer flange 148 configured to engage a topsurface of the support platform 12 when the pot 16 is loaded into anopening 14. Opposite sides 149 of flange 148 are curved to facilitateloading and unloading the pots 16 on the platform 12.

An alignment tab 150 is also formed on end cap 146. The alignment tab150 is configured to be aligned with a notch 40 of openings 14 so thatthe pot 16 is located in a proper orientation on the support platform 12for weighing and re-watering. Pot 16 includes an internal waterreservoir 152 including a bottom portion 153 and a plurality of spacedapart vertical fluid channels 154 for receiving water therein. Bottomend 82 of pot 16 includes a plurality of ribs 156 and threaded mountingmembers 158 as shown in FIG. 12. An O-ring 160 is located within anannular groove 162 surrounding the bottom end 82 of pot 16. An end cap164 is coupled to bottom end 82 by fasteners 156 which extend throughO-rings 168 and openings 169 in cap 164 and engage threaded mountingmembers 158.

In an illustrated embodiment, a check valve 170 is coupled to an opening172 formed in bottom plate 164. Illustratively, a diaphragm 174 andumbrella value 176 are coupled to the opening 172 by an O-ring seal 178.As best shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the O-ring seal 178 extends below bottomsurface 82 of pot 16 to engage the silicone pad 108 on the top surfaceof support 86 to provide a seal between the opening 72 and the pad 108on top surface of support 86.

By placing the tabs 150 of pots 16 into notches 40 of openings 14, theopenings 172 into reservoirs 152 of pots 16 are automatically alignedwith openings 106 in the supports 86 of load cell modules 66 as bestshown in FIG. 9. Therefore, when the pot 16 is lifted as shown if FIG.9, a fluid connection is automatically made between aperture 106 insupport 86 and opening 172 of end cap 164 at the bottom end 82 of pot16. When cont oiler 100 causes water to flow by opening valves 120, 122,water flows upwardly through connector 104, through the opening 106 ofsupport 86, through diaphragm 174 and past the check valve 176, and intothe reservoir 152 of pot 16. Fluid flow is illustratively shown by arrow184 in FIG. 9. Also as illustrated in FIG. 9, fluid flows in thedirection of arrows 188 upwardly from lower portion 153 of reservoir 152through openings 186 which are in fluid communication with verticalfluid channels 154. Channels 154 include upper openings 155 located neartop end 142 to drain any water if an overfill condition occurs. As bestillustrated in FIGS. 8, 9 and 13, the internal fluid channels 154includes an internal synthetic fabric mesh 190 forming an inner portionof the channels 154. The mesh 190 permits water to flow through the meshbut prevents soil, debris, or plant roots from accumulating in thevertical channels 154 of the reservoir 152. A removable drain plug 194and o-ring 196 seal a drain opening 198 of end cap 164. Reservoir 152 isdrained by removing the drain plug 194.

In another illustrated embodiment of the pot 16, the reservoir 152 is influid communication with a tube or channel (not shown) which deliverswater from the reservoir 152 to the top end 142 of pot 16 for topwatering of the plant within the pot. In this embodiment, the pot 16does not typically include the fluid channels 154 or mesh 190. In yetanother embodiment, the mesh 190 is replaced with a water impermeablematerial so that water flows from the reservoir 152 up the channels 154in the direction of arrows 188 to top openings (not shown) adjacent topend 142 of pot 16 to provide top watering of the plant within the potthrough the channels 154.

In operation, the pots 16 are tilled with soil, seeds and/or plants asdesired for the particular experiment and loaded into the openings 14 ofthe support platform 12. Tabs 150 of pots 16 are aligned with notches 40of openings 14. As best shown in FIG. 3, a loading platform 200 includesmovable supports 202 coupled to upper track 18. Supports 202 are coupledto a horizontal support 204 which supports folding panels 206. In oneembodiment, the loading platform 200 is moved by a drive mechanism backand forth in the direction of double headed arrow 32 along thelongitudinal axis 13 of platform 112. In another illustrated embodiment,the loading platform 200 is coupled to the upper gantry 22 by connectingaims. Therefore, the upper gantry 22 is used to move the loadingplatform 200 back and forth on platform 12 to facilitate loading of thepots 16 into the openings 14. One embodiment facilitates loading andunloading of the pots 16 at an end of the support platform 12. Also inan illustrative embodiment, the foldable panels 206 permit loading andunloading of pots 16 at a more ergonomic, lower level than the fullheight of support platform 12.

A center portion 208 of loading platform 200 is opened to expose a row38 of openings 14. Once the loading platform 200 is located over aparticular row 38, the side panels 206 are folded downwardly to overlieadjacent rows 38 of openings 14. Therefore, an operator can walk on thepanels 206 to facilitate loading or unloading of pots 16 from openings14 of the exposed row 38. After one row 38 is loaded with pots 16, theloading platform 200 is moved to the next row 38. The panels 208 areillustratively folded upwardly before the loading platform 200 is moved.

Once all the pots 16 are loaded into the support platform 12, anoperator selects a particular experiment protocol. The experiment can beselected and monitored using a graphical user input (GUI) 210. GUI 210is shown as a touch screen in FIGS. 1-3. However, GUI 210 may includeany type of user input.

Operation of the gravimetric screening platform system 10 and methodwill now be described in connection with FIGS. 14 and 15. Once the pots16 have been loaded and the particular experiment protocol has beenselected using graphical user interface 210, controller 100automatically controls movement of the upper gantry 22, the lower gantry24, and the universal mounting block 48 relative to the support platform12. Controller 100 also controls the supply of water from a water supply212 and compressed air from air compressor 214 to the load cell module66 coupled to the lower gantry 24.

Referring now to FIG. 15, the experiment process starts at block 220.The upper and lower gantries 22 and 24 are illustratively located nearone end of the support platform 12 at the start of the process. Thegantries 22 and 24 are moved into alignment with the next row 38 ofopenings 14 and pots 16 as illustrated at block 222. Controller 100 thencontrols movement of the universal mounting block 48 on the horizontalsupport 46 of upper gantry 22. Controller 100 takes images of the plantswithin pots 16 using camera 54 and takes temperature readings usinginfrared sensing camera 56 as the universal mounting block 48 moves thecameras 54, 56 back and forth over the plan s within a particular row 38as illustrated at block 224. In an illustrated embodiment, the camera 54and temperature sensor 56 are located within a heat protected enclosureso that the cameras 54 and 56 are not damaged by heat supplied withinthe greenhouse. Data from cameras 54, 56 and any other sensors is storedin memory 101 by controller 100.

Once the lower gantry 24 is moved into position underneath theparticular row 38, controller 100 controls the supply of compressed airfrom air supply 214 to cylinders 70 to raise each of the plurality ofload cell modules 66 from the retracted position of FIG. 8 to theextended position of FIG. 9 to lift each pot 16 in the row 38 upwardlyas illustrated at block 226. As discussed above, the pots 16 areentirely supported by the supports 86 of load cell modules 66 in theextended positions.

Controller 100 then weighs each pot as illustrated at block 228 andstores the weight information for each pot 16 in memory 101. Next,controller 100 determines whether it is necessary to add water to any ofthe pots 16 as illustrated at block 230. If no water needs to be added,controller 100 advances to block 234 of FIG. 15. If water needs to beadded at block 230, controller 100 controls valves 120, 122 to supplywater from water supply 212 through the load cell modules 66 and intothe pots 16 as discussed in detail above. Water is added until theweight of the pots reaches the desired weight for the particularexperiment as illustrated at block 232. The new pot weights taken afterre-watering are stored in memory 101. Next, controller 100 controls theair supply 214 to move the pistons 74 of load cell module 66 from theextended position of FIG. 9 back to the retracted position of FIG. 8 asillustrated at block 234. In this position, the pots 16 are againsupported by flanges 148 which engage the support platform 12.

Controller 100 then determines whether the particular row 38 is the lastrow 38 on the support platform 12 as illustrated at block 236. If so,controller 100 moves the upper and lower gantries 22 and 24 back to ahome position as illustrated at block 238. If the row was not the lastrow at block 236, controller 100 moves the upper and lower gantries 22,24 to the next row 38 at block 222 and then proceeds with the remainingsteps of FIG. 15 for the next row 38.

During the re-watering process, nutrients can be added to the soil, ifdesired. In addition, water can be used to flush nutrients out of thepots 16 by overfilling the reservoirs and allowing water to escapethrough overflow openings 155. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) experimentsmay be conducted.

As best shown in FIGS. 1-3, outer sensors 240 and 242 create lightbarriers to detect movement near the system 10. If the detectors 240 and242 detect such movement, controller 100 shuts off operation of thesystem 10. Once the area is clear, controller 100 starts the processagain at the same step in the procedure.

While embodiments of the present disclosure have been described ashaving exemplary designs, the present invention may be further modifiedwithin the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application istherefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of thedisclosure using its general principles. Further, this application isintended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as comewithin known or customary practice in the art to which this inventionpertains.

1. A pot for use with system for controlling soil moisture in aplurality of potted plants to perform water deficit experiments, thesystem including a stationary platform having a plurality of openingsformed therein, the pot comprising: a body portion having an open topend and a bottom end; a flange coupled to the body portion adjacent thetop end, the flange being configured to engage the platform to hold thebody portion within an opening of the platform; a fluid reservoir havinga bottom portion located adjacent the bottom end of the body portion, aplurality of vertically extending fluid channels extending upwardlytoward the top end of the body portion, and a fill opening located atthe bottom end of the body portion in communication with the bottomportion of the fluid reservoir; and a check valve coupled to the fillopening to permit fluid to be supplied to the fluid reservoir from thebottom end of the body portion through fill opening and the check valve.2. The pot of claim 1, further comprising a mesh forming an innerportion of the vertically extending fluid channels, the mesh permittingfluid to flow through the mesh to soil within the body portion, butpreventing soil debris and plant roots from accumulating in thevertically extending fluid channels of the reservoir.
 3. The pot ofclaim 1, further comprising an overfill opening in communication witheach of the fluid channels, the overfill openings being located near thetop end of the body portion.
 4. The pot of claim 1, wherein the fillopening is offset from a center axis of the body portion, and furthercomprising an alignment tab located near the top end of the bodyportion, the alignment tab being configured to be located within anotched portion of the opening formed in the platform to align the fillopening of the pot with a water supply.
 5. The pot of claim 1, whereinthe flange includes opposite side portions which are curved tofacilitate loading and unloading the pots on the platform.
 6. The pot ofclaim 1, wherein the bottom end of the body portion includes a pluralityof ribs and a plurality of threaded mounting members, and wherein thebottom portion of the fluid reservoir is defined by an end cap coupledto the bottom end of the body portion.
 7. The pot of claim 6, whereinthe end cap includes a plurality of openings aligned with the pluralityof threaded mounting members on the bottom end of the body portion, theend cap being coupled to the bottom end of the body portion by fastenersextending through O-ring seals and engaging the threaded mountingmembers.
 8. The pot of claim 1, wherein the check valve includes adiaphragm and an umbrella valve coupled to the fill opening.
 9. The potof claim 1, wherein the check is coupled to the fill opening by anO-ring seal which extends below a bottom surface of the pot provide aseal between the fill opening and a top surface of a support ofconfigured to lift the pot and supply fluid through the support and thefill opening.
 10. The pot of claim 1, further comprising a removabledrain plug coupled to a drain opening formed in the bottom portion ofthe fluid reservoir, the fluid reservoir being drained by removal of thedrain plug.
 11. The pot of claim 1, further comprising a plurality oftop openings in fluid communication with the plurality of verticallyextending fluid channels and located adjacent the top end of the bodyportion so that water flows from the fluid reservoir, up the verticallyextending fluid channels, and out the top openings to provide topwatering of the plant within the pot.
 12. The pot of claim 1, furthercomprising a load cell module aligned with the pot located in an openingof the platform, the load cell module including a load cell having asupport movable from a retracted position spaced apart from the bottomend of the pot to an extended position in which the support of the loadcell lifts the pot upwardly to support the weight of the pot thereon,the load cell weighing the lifted pot.
 13. The pot of claim 12, furthercomprising a controller coupled to the load cell, the controller beingprogrammed to determine whether the pot needs watering based on theweight of the pot and the water deficit experiment.
 14. The pot of claim13, further comprising a water supply coupled to the load cell module,the water supply including at least one flow control valve controlled bythe controller to selectively supply water through the load cell moduleto the fill opening at the bottom end of the pot.
 15. The pot of claim12, wherein the load cell support is formed to include an aperturealigned with the fill opening at the bottom end of the pot and aconnector in fluid communication with the aperture.
 16. The pot of claim14, wherein water is supplied to the pot from a water supply through theconnector and the aperture of the load cell module support through thefill opening of the pot and into the fluid reservoir.
 17. The pot ofclaim 1, wherein the fill opening is located in downwardly facing bottomsurface of the body portion so that fluid is to the fluid reservoirthrough the fill opening in the bottom surface.
 18. A pot for use withsystem for controlling soil moisture in a plurality of potted plants toperform water deficit experiments, the system including a stationaryplatform having a plurality of openings formed therein, and a load cellmodule including a load cell having a support movable relative to thestationary platform, the pot comprising: a body portion having an opentop end and a bottom end; a flange coupled to the body portion adjacentthe top end, the flange being configured to engage the platform to holdthe body portion within an opening of the platform above the load cellsupport; a fluid reservoir having a bottom portion located adjacent thebottom end of the body portion, a plurality of vertically extendingfluid channels extending upwardly toward the top end of the bodyportion, and a fill opening locate in a downwardly facing bottom surfaceof the body portion in communication with the bottom portion of thefluid reservoir; and a check valve coupled to the fill opening to permitfluid to be supplied to the fluid reservoir through the downwardlyfacing bottom surface of the body portion.
 19. The pot of claim 1,wherein the load cell support is movable from a first position spacedapart from the bottom surface of the pot to a second position in whichthe support engages the bottom surface of the pot and lifts the potupwardly to support the weight of the pot thereon, the load cellweighing the lifted pot, a wherein water is supplied to the fluidreservoir of the pot through the load cell support to the fill openingformed in the bottom surface of the pot.
 20. The pot of claim 19,wherein the check is coupled to the fill opening by an O-ring seal whichextends below the bottom surface of the body portion to provide a sealbetween the fill opening and a top surface of the load cell support ofconfigured to lift the pot and supply fluid through the support and thefill opening.